How are different types of crypto-assets classified and accounted for in Estonia?

Crypto-assets are classified into four categories:

  • Cryptocurrency: Digital coins based on blockchain technology and valued based on demand and supply.
  • Asset-backed token: Represents ownership of a physical asset and valued based on the underlying asset.
  • Utility token: Grants access to products or services but does not represent ownership in the issuing company.
  • Security token: Similar to traditional securities and may grant financial rights related to the issuing entity.

Each type is accounted for based on its classification, usage, and market value.

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